What Are Alternative Fuels?

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From here on we will use the term "alternative fuels" to include biodiesel, ethanol, hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, and propane used in alternative-fuel vehicles. Some of these fuels also have significant non-transportation applications that will be highlighted in the text.

Alternative fuels provide three advantages over conventional fuels:

Using domestically produced transportation fuels can reduce U.S. dependence on imported crude oil.
Alternative fuels can reduce airborne pollution.
Cleaner-burning alternative fuels can allow less frequent engine maintenance or extend engine life.

Compare the advantages of alternative fuels:

	Environmental	Maintenance	Energy Security
Biodiesel (B20)	Reduces particulate matter and global warming gas emissions compared to conventional diesel: however, NOx emissions may be increased	Hoses and seals may need more frequent replacement, lubricity is improved	Domestically produced, and it is renewable
Ethanol (E85)	Demonstrates a 25% reduction in ozone-forming emissions compared to reformulated gasoline	Special lubricants may be required.	Domestically produced, and it is renewable
CNG	Demonstrates a reduction in ozone-forming emissions compared to conventional fuels	High-pressure tanks require periodic inspection and certification.	Domestically produced, and the U.S. has vast natural gas reserves
LPG	Demonstrates a 60% reduction in ozone-forming emissions compared to reformulated gasoline	Some fleets report service lives that are 2-3 years longer, as well as extended intervals between required maintenance.	Most widely available alternative fuel; however 45% of the fuel is derived from fossil fuels.